A complete endoscopic prostate surgery typically refers to a minimally invasive procedure known as transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Here's how it works: 1. **Procedure:** During TURP, a surgeon inserts a thin, tube-like instrument called a resectoscope through the urethra and into the prostate gland. The resectoscope has a light, camera, and surgical tools at its tip. 2. **Resection:** Once inside the prostate, the surgeon trims away excess prostate tissue that is causing urinary obstruction. This tissue is then flushed out of the bladder. 3. **Benefits:** TURP is effective in relieving symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), such as urinary frequency, urgency, weak urine stream, and difficulty starting urination. It is less invasive than open surgery and typically requires a shorter hospital stay and recovery time. 4. **Risks:** While TURP is generally safe, there are risks associated with any surgical procedure, including bleeding, infection, urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction, and retrograde ejaculation (ejaculation into the bladder instead of out of the penis). 5. **Suitability:** TURP is most suitable for men with moderate to severe urinary symptoms caused by BPH and is not typically used to treat prostate cancer. It's important for individuals considering TURP to discuss the procedure, its potential benefits, and risks with their healthcare provider to determine if it's the right treatment option for them.

Ureteric or Ureteral stones are the kidney stones that get stuck in one or both ureters. The ureters are the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The stones could travel from kidney and may get stuck into the ureter blocking the urine flow. Though some stones might be tiny and get passed through the urine, when the stones are large enough, they can cause the blockage of the flow of urine from the kidney to the bladder. This blockage can lead to severe pain and cause infection, vomiting and nausea in severe conditions. Long standing obstruction of the kidney can lead to deterioration of kidney function irreversibly. There are various treatment options to treat these stones. One of the popular and common treatments of Ureteric stones is with laser through complete endoscopic procedure. The Procedure The procedure is similar to the procedure to remove kidney or bladder stone. It is performed under general or regional anaesthesia. Specific instructions on medications and diet before the date of the procedure are instructed to the patient. During the surgery, the surgeon passes a small instrument with a telescope known as ureteroscope, through the urethra and into the urinary bladder to the ureter. When the stone is located, it is fragmented into smaller pieces using a laser fiber. These pieces are then extracted out through the urethra. In most cases, to ensure proper drainage, a urinary catheter (stent) is placed after the surgery for some days. After removing the stones, they are sent to the lab for investigation to know about their exact composition. Based on the results, doctor will recommend treatment to prevent future stones formation. This may include changes in the diet or taking supplements or medications. Recovering from the Surgery The doctor will prescribe medications after surgery to prevent infection, pain, inflammation and other symptoms. The patient may experience stent related minor symptoms, for which medications are usually prescribed. The patient can resume their normal activities as soon as they feel comfortable and most of them resume their work the next day itself. Advantages of Laser Treatment for Ureteric Stone Removal • Involves no cut and hence no scarring • Faster healing and recovery • Practically no complications • Reduces chances of infection • Reduces chances of blood loss • Early discharge • Happy and painless post operative course

Bladder stones are hard masses of minerals that form stones in bladder. These stones can cause issues such as pain and difficulty emptying the bladder. Though, small bladder stones may pass without treatment over time, larger bladder stones need intervention to get them out. Procedures for patients with symptomatic bladder stones include laser procedure such as Endoscopic Cystolithotripsy. The Procedure The procedure is performed under general or regional/ spinal anesthesia. Specific instructions on medications and diet before the date of the procedure are instructed to the patient. During the surgery, the surgeon passes a small lighted tube known as cystoscope, through the urethra and into the urinary bladder. The surgeon, using a high definition camera locates the stone in the bladder and it may be removed as a whole or if the stone is large, it is fragmented into smaller pieces using a laser fiber or a lithoclast machine. These pieces are then taken out and clearance is confirmed. In most cases, to ensure proper drainage, a urinary catheter is left in the bladder after the surgery for a few hours After removing the stones, they are sent to the lab to know their exact composition. Based on the results, doctor will recommend treatment and precautions to prevent future stones formation. This may include changes in the diet or taking supplements or medications. Recovering from the Surgery The doctor will prescribe medications after surgery to prevent infection, pain, inflammation and other symptoms. The patient is usually discharged the same day or the next day of the procedure. The patient can resume his or her normal activities or as soon as they feel comfortable. Most patients resume their work the next day itself. Advantages of Laser Treatment for Bladder Stone Removal • Involves no cuts and hence no scarring • Faster healing and recovery • Practically no complications • Reduces chances of infection • Reduces chances of blood loss • Early discharge • Happy and pain-free post operative course